Cleopatra
Cleopatra VII (c. 69-30 BCE) was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, known for her political alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony as Rome expanded its influence over Egypt.
Cleopatra came to power as co-regent with her father, Ptolemy XII, and later her brothers, in a turbulent Egyptian court. She was fluent in multiple languages, reportedly including Egyptian, unlike most of her Greek-descended predecessors, and worked to present herself as a legitimate pharaoh to the Egyptian people.
Her alliances with Roman leaders Julius Caesar and later Mark Antony were as much political strategy as personal relationships, aimed at preserving Egypt's independence from Rome. She bore children with both men.
Following Antony and Cleopatra's defeat by Octavian (later Emperor Augustus) at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE, Cleopatra died the following year, traditionally said to be by snakebite, marking the end of Ptolemaic Egypt and its absorption into the Roman Empire.