Katherine Johnson
A NASA mathematician whose precise orbital calculations were critical to the success of early American crewed spaceflight missions
Working as a Black woman mathematician in a deeply segregated mid-century America, her calculations proved so essential that astronaut John Glenn personally insisted she verify the computer's math before his historic flight.
Overcoming Segregation
Johnson worked as a mathematician for NASA and its predecessor during an era of significant racial segregation, navigating both racial and gender barriers throughout much of her career.
Calculating Historic Spaceflight Trajectories
Johnson's precise orbital mechanics calculations were critical to the success of John Glenn's 1962 orbital spaceflight, with Glenn specifically requesting she personally verify the trajectory calculations before his flight.
Contributing to the Moon Landing
Johnson's calculations also contributed to the trajectory planning for the Apollo 11 Moon landing, further cementing her significant behind-the-scenes role in American spaceflight achievements.
Overdue Public Recognition
Johnson's contributions received significant renewed public recognition decades later, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015 and the popular 2016 film Hidden Figures depicting her work.
