Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist whose research confirmed the germ theory of disease and led to life-saving developments including pasteurization and early vaccines.
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Pasteur's experiments disproved the long-held theory of spontaneous generation, demonstrating that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease rather than arising spontaneously from non-living matter.
He developed the process of pasteurization, heating liquids like milk and wine to kill harmful bacteria, which remains widely used in food safety today.
Pasteur also developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies, and his germ theory of disease became a foundational principle of modern medicine, dramatically improving hygiene practices and disease prevention.